name | Amanita gymnopus |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Corner & Bas |
english name | "East Asian Barefoot Lepidella" |
images | |
cap |
[Except for distribution data, taken from the description of Bas (1969).] Amanita gymnopus is a medium to large species. It gives its name to the curious Amanita subsection Gymnopodae Bas. The dry cap is 50 - 110 mm wide, white to pale yellowish to brownish, convex to plane or concave, and often subumbonate. The cap's margin is nonstriate and slightly appendiculate. The volva on the cap comprises thin, submembranous, scattered patches (white to brownish ochraceous). |
gills |
The gills are free, rather crowded, 5 - 10 mm broad, thick, pale ochraceous cream to deep ochraceous; the short gills are rounded-attenuate. |
stem |
The stem is 60 - 140 × 7 - 11 mm, solid, firm, white to pale yellowish or pale pinkish brown, pruinose to subsquamulose near the top, nearly glabrous below, and tapers upward. The stipe's clavate base is 16 - 25 mm wide and is often decorated with rhizoids (see illustrations, above). The stem context is white to yellowish and turns slowly reddish brown when exposed. The annulus is subapical, skirt-like, narrow, whitish to pale yellowish, striate above, and often disappears as the mushroom expands. |
odor/taste |
The odor is strong and unpleasant. |
spores |
The spores measure 5 - 7 × 5 - 6.5 µm and are globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid and amyloid. Clamps are present on bases of basidia. |
discussion |
This species was originally described from tropical forest in Malaya. It has now been reported from Hunan Prov., China, and Japan. Amanita gymnopus is the type of Amanita subsection Gymnopodae Bas (the "Barefoot Lepidellas"). The other species assigned to that section by Bas is A. ochrophylla (Cooke & Massee) Cleland. D. A. Reid (1978, 1980) described A. ochrophylloides D.A. Reid from the state of Victoria, Australia. Tulloss, Halling, and Mueller are soon to publish A. conara Tulloss, Halling, & G. M. Muell. from Costa Rica—the first new taxa described in subsection Gymnopodae from the Americas. When it was first described, A. ochraceobulbosa A. E. Wood was proposed to be a member of subsection Gymnopodae; however, from the original description itself, the placement seems unlikely to be correct.—R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita gymnopus | ||||||||
author | Corner & Bas. 1962. Persoonia 2: 259, pl. 4(a), fig. 16. | ||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||
english name | "East Asian Barefoot Lepidella" | ||||||||
etymology | γυμνος "naked" + πους "foot" | ||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 326097 | ||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | L | ||||||||
type studies | Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5: 558, figs. 378-380. | ||||||||
revisions |
Hongo. 1974b. Mem. Fac. Educ. Shiga Univ., Nat. Sci. 24: 44, fig. 44(5-7). Z. H. Chen, Z. L. Yang and Z. G. Zhang. 2001. Mycotaxon 79: 282, figs. 9-10. | ||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following is derived from the protolog and the revisions of Bas (1969), Chen et al. (2001), and others as indicated. NOTE: Spore measurements from Chen et al. (2001) use Zhu L. Yang's "Times New Roman" face variables for "Q" and "Q'"—respectively, " | ||||||||
pileus | from Bas (1969): 50 - 110 mm wide, white to pale yellowish to brownish, convex to planar to concave, often subumbonate; context white to yellowish turning slowly reddish brown when exposed; margin nonsulcate, slightly appendicuate; universal veil as adnate patches, white to brownish ochraceous, scattered, submembranous, thin, adnate, up to 7 mm wide, decreasing in size toward margin. | ||||||||
lamellae | from Bas (1969): free, rather crowded, pale ochraceous cream to deep ochraceous, 5 - 10 mm broad, thick; lamellulae rounded attenuate. | ||||||||
stipe | from Bas (1969): 60 - 140 × 7 - 11 mm, white to pale yellowish to pale pinkish brown, narrowing upward, pruinose to subsquamulose near top, nearly glabrous below; bulb clavate, often with some rhizoids; context as in pileus; partial veil subapical, whitish to pale yellowish, pendent, narrow, striate [above], often evanescent; universal veil absent. | ||||||||
odor/taste |
from protolog: Odor strong, of burnt sugar and iodoform. Taste not recorded. from Chen et al. (2001): strong, of "sulphur." | ||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||
pileipellis | from Bas (1969): "rather thick," ungelatinized; filamentous hyphae 3 - 10 μm wide, interwoven to subradially oriented, commonly interconnecting with universal veil; clamps present. | ||||||||
pileus context | not described. | ||||||||
lamella trama | from Bas (1969): bilateral; clamps present. | ||||||||
subhymenium | from Bas (1969): subramose to cellular. | ||||||||
basidia |
from Bas (1969): 45 - 50 × 6.5 - 9 μm, 4-sterigmate; clamps present. from Hongo (1974b): 35 - 40 × 7 - 8.5 μm, 4-sterigmate; clamps present. | ||||||||
universal veil | from Bas (1969): On pileus: filamentous hyphae 3 - 10 μm wide, interwoven, commonly interconnecting with pileipellis; inflated cells scattered, cylindric to slenderly clavate, ca. 30 - 110 × 8 - 20 μm, terminal singly or in chains of two. On stipe: absent. | ||||||||
stipe context | from Bas (1969): longitudinally acrophysalidic; near surface exclusively comprising filamentous hyphae 2 - 14 (-20) μm wide. | ||||||||
partial veil | not described. | ||||||||
lamella edge tissue |
from Bas (1969): scant in material examined; inflated cells up to 30 μm wide. from Hongo (1974b): inflated cells predominating, clavate to subglobose, 26 - 50 × 11.5 - 29 μm, thin-walled. | ||||||||
basidiospores |
from protolog: [-/-/-] 5.2 - 6.7 × 4.9 - 6.7 μm, (Q = 1.0 - 1.25; Q = 1.15), hyaline, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid; apiculus proportionately medium-sized; contents "cloudy granular (slightly oily?), sometimes with one small gutta"; white in deposit.
[Spores from fresh material reported to be 7.0 - 7.5 × 6.0 - 6.5 μm.] from Bas (1969): [10/1/1] 5.0 - 7.0 × 5.0 - 6.5 μm, (Q = 1.0 - 1.25; Q = 1.15), colorless, hyaline, thin-walled, amyloid, globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid; apiculus not described; contents granular, subrefractive; white in deposit. from Chen et al. (2001): [30/1/1] 6.0 - 7.5 (-8.0) × (5.0-) 5.5 - 6.5 μm, ( | ||||||||
ecology |
from protolog: Gregarious. Malaya: Terrestrial in tropical forest. from Hongo (1974b): Japan: At 600 m elev. In deciduous forest (e.g., Fagus, Quercus, Aesculus, etc.). from Chen et al. (2001): China: At 600 m elev. In mixed forest. | ||||||||
material examined |
from protolog: MALAYSIA: JOHOR—Gunong Panti, 21.iv.1941 E. J. H. Corner (holotype, L). from Bas (1969): MALAYSIA: JOHOR—Gunong Panti, 21.iv.1941 E. J. H. Corner (holotype, L). from Hongo (1974b): JAPAN: HONSHU—Niigata-ken - Kamo-shi, Shimojô, 12.x.1973 Mr. Sakai s.n. [T. Hongo 5035] (in herb. T. Hongo); Tsunan-chô [600 m], 30.ix.1973 Mr. Sakai s.n. [T. Hongo 5022] (in herb. T. Hongo). Tottori-ken - Chizu-chô, Ashizu, 30.viii.1973 Mr. I. Arita et al. s.n. [T. Hongo 5068] (in herb. T. Hongo). from Chen et al. (2001): CHINA: HUNAN—Chenzou (prefecture level) City - Yizhang Co., Mangshan [600 m], 15.vii.1996 Z. H. Chen 3680 (HKAS 37012). | ||||||||
discussion |
This species is the type of Amanita subsect. Gymnopodae Bas. Despite the hyphal interconnection between the pileipellis and the patches of universal veil on the pileus, a rain can wash the patches away (Bas 1969: 559). Basidial clamps were erroneously reported as absent in the protolog (Bas 1969). This species has been reported from China, Japan, and Malaysia. | ||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||
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name | Amanita gymnopus |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Corner & Bas |
english name | "East Asian Barefoot Lepidella" |
images | |
drawing | Prof. E. J. H. Corner - (1-2) Malaysia, (illustration from original description (Corner and Bas, 1962) reproduced courtesy of Persoonia, Leiden, the Netherlands.) |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.